Than đen là một thành phần gia cường quan trọng trong các hỗn hợp cao su. Than đen được phân thành nhiều loại khác nhau phụ thuộc vào tính năng gia cường của than đen (như mức kháng mài mòn), phương pháp sản xuất và diện tích bề mặt than đen, phù hợp cho các ứng dụng riêng biệt. Phần tài liệu bên dưới sẽ trình bày cụ thể về vấn đề này.

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Carbon black is classified in several ways. One way is to classify carbon black in accordance to their levels of abrasion resistance; super abrasion furnace (SAF), intermediate super abrasion furnace (ISAF), and high abrasion furnace (HAF). Extrusion rate is another way to classify carbon black, where fast extrusion furnace (FEF) and general-purpose furnace (GPF) are in that category. There are other classifications, but basically they all depend on their manufacturing process, structure and surface area. The American Society of Testing Material (ASTM) designated ASTM numbers for rubber grade carbon blacks. Typical grades are summarised in Table 5.3 according to ASTM D1765. The N series comprises normal curing furnace and thermal blacks. The S series is slow curing channel blacks and oxidised furnace blacks. The first digit of the three digit number, following the alphabet character, represents the particle size range, which increases as the number becomes higher. With respect to tyre applications, fine particle blacks in the 100 range to 200 range, SAF and ISAF, respectively, are mainly used in truck tyre tread stocks to maximise tread wear resistance. Passenger tyre treads primarily use blacks in the 300 range, which represents the HAF family, typically N339 or N343. Medium to coarse blacks such as N550 (FEF) are used in body skim stocks for better processability, and low structure black such as N326 is used in steel skim stocks to provide a fatigue resistant compound. Innerliner butyl rubber stocks may use N660 black (GPF) at high loading in order to achieve good impermeability with easy processing. A recent report [10] indicated that semi-reinforcing furnace black (SRF) would further improve innerliner impermeability.

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Trích đăng từ sách Rubber Technologist’s Handbook, Sadhan K. De và Jim R. White, Smithers Rapra Technology, trang 141

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